National Health Mission (NHM)

Overview of NHM

The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), now part of the National Health Mission (NHM), was initiated to improve healthcare accessibility and effectiveness through various targeted interventions. Established in 2005, NRHM initially focused on enhancing rural healthcare services. The first phase concluded in 2012, and the mission has since evolved into NHM to extend its reach and impact.

Evolution and Expansion

Under the 12th Plan of the Planning Commission, NRHM was integrated into the NHM to provide universal healthcare access. The mission expanded to incorporate non-communicable disease management alongside existing rural health services. On May 1, 2013, the Union Cabinet sanctioned the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM), making NHM a comprehensive program with two key components:

  • National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) – Addressing rural healthcare needs.
  • National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) – Focused on improving urban health services.

Key Objectives of NHM

NHM is committed to addressing public health challenges and improving healthcare infrastructure through the following objectives:

  1. Reducing Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR).
  2. Ensuring universal access to essential public health services, including maternal and child health, immunization, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition.
  3. Preventing and controlling communicable and non-communicable diseases, including region-specific endemic diseases.
  4. Providing integrated and comprehensive primary healthcare services.
  5. Stabilizing population growth while ensuring gender and demographic balance.
  6. Reviving traditional healthcare practices and integrating AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) into mainstream healthcare.
  7. Encouraging healthy lifestyle choices to promote long-term well-being.

Core Components of NHM

NHM operates through five essential sub-programs to achieve these goals:

  1. NRHM + RMNCH plus A (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health).
  2. NUHM (National Urban Health Mission).
  3. National Disease Control Programs, tackling major health concerns such as tuberculosis, malaria, and leprosy.
  4. Non-Communicable Disease Control Initiatives, including injury and trauma care programs.
  5. Infrastructure Development, ensuring the availability and maintenance of healthcare facilities and resources.

Funding and Implementation

Since 2015-16, NHM has been financially supported through a 60:40 cost-sharing model between the Government of India and State Governments, promoting collaborative efforts in improving healthcare accessibility and quality.

निष्कर्ष

The National Health Mission (NHM) plays a pivotal role in advancing India’s healthcare framework by providing inclusive and effective healthcare solutions. By addressing rural and urban health disparities, strengthening disease control measures, and modernizing healthcare infrastructure, NHM continues to be a vital initiative for fostering a healthier nation.

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